The selection and specification of materials is critical before deciding on any type of waterproofing treatment to be performed in a specific region. Because the type and quality of materials we utilized have a direct impact on the strength and longevity of that specific treatment.
It is self-evident that if we use low-quality materials, we will undoubtedly receive terrible results, whereas if we use high-quality materials, we will almost certainly obtain excellent results.
The materials listed below are some of the most commonly utilized for waterproofing work on terrace toilets, balcony areas, and water tanks (both overhead and underground water tanks).
1) Cement:
The cement must be 43 / 53 grade OPC (Fly ash must be used with OPC) / PPC, not more than 8 weeks old, and free of lumps.
Cement is one of the most important materials in every building project, and we can't imagine doing anything without it these days.
2) Natural sand:
The silt concentration of natural sand shall not exceed 12% by volume for 1 hour and 8% by volume for 2 hours. The percentage of samples passing 600 microns must be greater than 45 percent.
3) Fly ash:
Fly ash sources must be standardized according to test findings, and fly ash must meet IS 3812 criteria. After wet sieving, retention on a 45-micron sieve should be less than 20%.
There should be no lumps in the fly ash.
4) Bricks:
Bricks used to make brickbats must not be underburnt, and the percentage of overburnt bricks must not exceed 10%. Bricks used for brickbats must be entire bricks or 3/4 bricks. Bricks must be shattered on-site using a mallet. Irregularly shattered bricks are not permitted.
5) Water:
The sulfate and chloride concentration of the water must be within the limits established in IS-456:2000.
6) Waterproofing compound:
A reputable manufacturer's water proofing material must be utilized. It must be checked to ensure that it is compatible with the type/brand of cement used. The date of manufacture, lot number, expiry date, usage directions, and so on must be clearly displayed on the packaging.
7) Glazed tile pieces (for China Mosaic Type Waterproofing):
Broken bits of selected white/colored glazed tile pieces ranging in size from 25mm to 50mm thick, or as stated on the sketch.
8) Bonding Agent:
A suitable bonding agent from a reputed manufacturer shall be used.
9) Rough Shahabad stones or equivalent stones from the quarry:
Rough Shahabad Stone slabs shall be of uniform size and shall be free from cracks and fissures.
1. Choose the Right Roof Material
Many roof materials on the market are relatively moisture-damage resistant.
Metal Panels or Shingles
Metal roofs are excellent choices for rainy climates. Because metals are non-porous, they do not absorb moisture, and precipitation simply sheds off metal roofs. Furthermore, unlike many other roof materials, metal roofs are less prone to moss and algae growth. If these substances do develop on a metal roof, they will only be an eyesore and will not harm the metal.
Aluminum and steel are the two most frequent metals used in roofing. Aluminum rusts naturally, whereas steel roof panels and shingles are zinc-coated to boost rust and corrosion resistance. Both metal versions are suitable for rainy weather.
Slate Tile
In wet climates, slate tile roofing is also a possibility. Instead of being glued, slate tiles are normally nailed to the roof decking or underlayment. While the slate is slightly permeable, the rainwater that does penetrate it evaporates fast due to the slate's unique attaching procedure. While slate roof tiles are more expensive than other roof materials, they can last for years, making the original investment worthwhile.
Asphalt Shingles
Asphalt shingles are also effective in rainy conditions. While asphalt shingles are susceptible to moss and algae growth, you can reduce this risk by selecting shingles with a zinc coating or additive. Zinc can kill moss and algae spores before they start growing and damage your shingles.
2. Choose a Waterproof Roof Underlayment
While not all roof systems accommodate underlayment, if possible, you should have one put over your roof decking. A roofing underlayment adds an additional layer of protection to your roof decking, and some underlayments are entirely waterproof, protecting your roof decking from moisture damage if water seeps through a roof joint or under a damaged roof shingle.
Your three primary roof underlayment options are as follows:
- The asphalt drenched the felt. While this underlayment is reasonably priced and water-resistant, it is not entirely watertight like some other roof underlayment solutions.
- Asphalt has been rubberized. This type of underlayment is entirely watertight.
- Polyolefin thermoplastic (TPO). TPO underlayment is a relatively new addition to the roofing business, and it is lightweight, robust, and entirely watertight.
Some underlayments perform better with some roof types than others, so talk to your roofing specialist about your waterproof roof underlayment alternatives to see which one is ideal for your roof.
3. Replace and Seal Warped Roof Flashing
Roof flashing is a necessary component of the majority of residential roofs. Roof flashing is often composed of thin sheets of galvanized steel, copper, or aluminum that are installed on parts of your roof that are prone to water damage and roof leaks. Typically, flashing is put over or between roof joints, along roof slopes, and around chimneys.
Flashing can distort or develop cracks or holes over time, reducing its capacity to protect your roof and home from water leaks. In fact, many experts claim that problems with roof flashing cause up to 90% of all roof leaks.
To avoid roof leaks caused by poor flashing, have your current flashing changed when you install a new roof, and then have this flashing inspected on a regular basis to discover and remedy flashing problems before roof leaks develop.
4. Consider a Waterproof Roof Coating
While waterproof coatings cannot be applied to all roof materials, they can provide additional protection for your roof. Because of their natural porosity, asphalt shingles, wood shingles, and clay tile are all suitable candidates for the application of a waterproof sealer.
While waterproof roof sealants vary, most are applied to a roof after all shingles and tiles have been installed. To prevent water from permeating roof materials, a sealer forms a thin, clear waterproof layer over the entrance roof. Some roof materials are also protected against UV rays.
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